Before isoniazid preventive therapy is initiated, bacteriologically positive or radiographically progressive tuberculosis must be excluded. Appropriate evaluations should be performed if Extra pulmonary tuberculosis is suspected. Foreign-born persons from high-prevalence countries who never received BCG vaccine. Headache, poor concentration, weight gain, poor memory, and depression have all been associated with isoniazid use. All patients and healthcare workers should be aware of these serious adverse effects, especially if suicidal thinking or behavior are suspected.[11][12][13] Gastrointestinal Reactions: Nausea, vomiting, and epigastric distress. Recent converters, as indicated by a tuberculin skin test ( ≥ 10 mm increase within a 2-year period for those < 35 years old; ≥ 1 5 mm increase for those ≥ 35 years of age). All infants and children younger than 4 years of age with a > 10 mm skin test are included in this category. Side effects Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis and HIV Infection Food: Isoniazid should not be administered with food. Studies have shown that the bioavailability of isoniazid is reduced significantly when administered with food. Tyramine- and histamine-containing foods should be avoided in patients receiving isoniazid. Because isoniazid has some monoamine oxidase inhibiting activity, an interaction with tyramine-containing foods (cheese, red wine) may occur. Diamine oxidase may also be inhibited, causing exaggerated response (e.g., headache, sweating, palpitations, flushing, hypotension) to foods containing histamine (e.g., skipjack, tuna, other tropical fish). http://edmedics.net/frblg/achat-clomid/#clomid-3-jour
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Metabolic And Endocrine Reactions: Pyridoxine deficiency, pellagra, hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and gynecomastia. [edit] Isoniazid (Laniazid, Nydrazid), also known as isonicotinylhydrazine (INH), is an organic compound that is the first-line medication in prevention and treatment of tuberculosis. The compound was first synthesized in the early 20th century,[1] but its activity against tuberculosis was first reported in the early 1950s, and three pharmaceutical companies attempted unsuccessfully to simultaneously patent the drug[2] (the most prominent one being Roche, which launched its version, Rimifon, in 1952). With the introduction of isoniazid, a cure for tuberculosis was first considered reasonable. seizures; Isoniazid inhibits the P450 system.[8]
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Isoniazid is odorless, and occurs as a colorless or white crystalline powder or as white crystals. It is freely soluble in water, sparingly soluble in alcohol, and slightly soluble in chloroform and in ether. Isoniazid is slowly affected by exposure to air and light. [edit] Other neurotoxic effects, which are uncommon with conventional doses, are convulsions, toxic encephalopathy, optic neuritis and atrophy, memory impairment, and toxic psychosis. Isoniazid is bactericidal to rapidly dividing mycobacteria, but is bacteriostatic if the mycobacteria are slow-growing.[citation needed] Hepatotoxicity of INH is by nitrogen group in its chemical structure, as it is metabolized in the liver and gets converted to an ammonium molecule, which causes hepatitis. Phenytoin: Isoniazid may increase serum levels of phenytoin. To avoid phenytoin intoxication appropriate adjustment of the anticonvulsant should be made5,6. Theophylline: A recent study has shown that concomitant administration of isoniazid and theophylline may cause elevated plasma levels of theophylline, and in some instances a slight decrease in the elimination of isoniazid. Since the therapeutic range of theophylline is narrow, theophylline serum levels should be monitored closely, and appropriate dosage adjustments of theophylline should be made7.
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Gastrointestinal Reactions: Nausea, vomiting, and epigastric distress. [edit] unusual weakness or fatigue;
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yellow skin or eyes; blurred vision; or If you experience any of the following serious side effects, stop taking isoniazid and seek emergency medical attention or contact your doctor immediately: Adults: 5 mg/kg up to 300 mg daily in a single dose; or 15 mg/kg up to 900 mg/day, two or three times/week Preparation Headache, poor concentration, weight gain, poor memory, and depression have all been associated with isoniazid use. All patients and healthcare workers should be aware of these serious adverse effects, especially if suicidal thinking or behavior are suspected.[11][12][13] Residents of facilities for long-term care (e.g., correctional institutions, nursing homes, and mental institutions).
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