Exactly why drastically reducing food intake can extend life isn’t known. But researchers have good evidence that a series of biochemical reactions known as the mTOR pathway is involved. The protein mTOR helps monitor nutrient levels in cells and regulates cell movement,
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, protein production,
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, and cell growth and survival. When starvation sets in,
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, cells turn off mTOR’s activity, which allows a self-cannibalizing process called autophagy to scavenge nutrients by digesting some of the cell’s internal organs. This internal garbage disposal and recycling method also removes old,
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, worn-out mitochondria and proteins that may otherwise keep cells from functioning efficiently. That process and other cellular activities governed by mTOR may be responsible for making cells, and organisms,
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, live longer.
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Life extension elixir?


Male mice receiving the diabetes drug metformin (top,
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, yellow) had median life spans (the age at which half the population has died) that were slightly longer (8 percent) than untreated male mice (top,
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, gray). Metformin did not increase life spans of female mice. Combined with rapamycin,
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, metformin (teal) boosted median life span in both sexes about 23 percent, but the result wasn’t statistically different from life span boosts in mice given rapamycin alone in previous studies.



Source: R. Strong et al/Aging Cell 2016


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