Starlings seem to have nothing in common with quantum matter. But the equations explaining some of the quantum dynamics of superfluid helium may describe what happens when a flock of starlings makes a sharp turn,
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.
Hundreds or thousands of starlings can flock together and appear to move through the sky as a single organism,
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, shifting directions as though of one mind. “The moment the decision to turn is sweeping through the flock is a moment of weakness in the group,
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,” says physicist Andrea Cavagna of the Sapienza University of Rome. He explains that during starlings’ turns, predators such as peregrine falcons can strike because the flock isn’t flying as cohesively as possible.
Since sticking together during turns is so important,
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, Cavagna and his colleagues wondered how information about which way and when to turn spreads through a flock. Previous computer simulations suggested that each bird’s behavior changes to match its neighbor’s in a manner that resembles the game of telephone: The cue to turn diffuses from one bird to the next but may fade out as it reaches the outer birds in a flock.
But when Cavagna and his colleagues filmed 12 flocks,
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, each with up to 500 starlings,
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, and tracked the three-dimensional trajectory of each bird,
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, the footage suggested something different. The birds turn as a nearly cohesive group,
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, almost like synchronized swimmers. The decision to turn begins with a few birds and then travels through the flock at a fixed

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