and develop an armored layer of bacterial cells called a biofilm that is notoriously difficult to defeat. Researchers and doctors have tried a number of physical and chemical methods — including microneedles,
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, heat, sound waves and solvents — for getting past biofilms and the upper layer of skin to the site of deeper infections.
Previous work with ionic liquids showed that some act as antimicrobials, and others can transport drugs through the skin. “It wasn’t obvious that one set of ionic liquids could work against both the barriers,
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,” says study coauthor Samir Mitragotri,
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, a chemical and bioengineer at the University of California,
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, Santa Barbara. The research was published August 25 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
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.
Ionic liquids are made of salts,
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, positively and negatively charged molecules held together by their charge. While the strength of ionic bonds makes most salts — like sodium chloride — solids,
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, the large size of certain molecules lowers the salts’ melting points so they are liquid at room temperature. Ionic liquids are gaining popularity in industries including chemical manufacturing and processing, solar energy and new battery technology.
Mitragotri experimented with a dozen ionic liquids, which he describes as quite viscous, like honey. His group tested how well the liquids killed two different bacterial biofilms,
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, their ability to enhance drug penetration through the skin and whether they cause unwanted damage to skin cells.
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