There are certainly other strategies for upgrading Rubisco, notes Howard Griffiths of the University of Cambridge. His lab is trying to cajole a plant version of the enzyme — with superior discrimination for CO2 over O2 — to function in loose aggregations that might provide some of the benefits of compartments.
Molecular biologist Myat Lin in Hanson’s lab coped by putting the cyanobacterial genes for both kinds of subunits plus some helpers into the tobacco chloroplasts. Chloroplasts have so many copies of some genes, around 2,500 instead of typically fewer than 10 in the cell nucleus, that cells produce chloroplast proteins in great abundance. ?
The transfer worked well enough for cyanobacterial Rubisco to sustain photosynthesis on its own in the tobacco plants. And the transferred version captured more carbon per unit of enzyme than the plants’ usual Rubisco. However, the modified tobacco plants don’t have genes for CO2-concentrating compartments. Even when the researchers kept the plants in chambers with 22 times the CO2 of normal air, the tobacco plants still didn’t grow fast. ?For tobacco to take advantage of its new enzyme, researchers hope to add compartments, Hanson says.
enzyme are normally encoded by genes in the chloroplast, but genes for the enzyme’s eight small subunits lie in the cell nucleus. ?
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