3 dead in Ghana gold mine accident
Accra - The death toll from a huge gas station explosion and flooding in Ghana's capital has more than doubled to 150 people, the president said on Thursday night.
Dozens of people had sought shelter at the gas station and in nearby shops in central Accra to escape the torrential rains at the time of Wednesday night's blast. Flooding swept fuel being stored at the station into a nearby fire, triggering the explosion that also set ablaze neighbouring buildings, officials said.
The West African nation will observe three days of mourning with flags flying at half-staff, and the government will allocate about $12 million for relief operations and to repair damaged infrastructure, President John Dramani Mahama told journalists before heading into an emergency meeting.
Before Mahama's announcement, the death toll stood at 73.
Mourge at capacity
TV footage earlier Thursday showed corpses being piled into the back of a pickup truck and other charred bodies trapped amid the debris. Flood waters around the site hampered rescue and recovery efforts.
Officials at the nearby 37 Military Hospital said its morgue had reached capacity.
Mahama visited the blast site during the day, calling the death toll "catastrophic" and offering condolences to families of the victims.
"Steps will be taken to ensure that disastrous floods and their attendant deaths do not occur again," he said.
Michael Plange, who lives a few blocks away, said many people had taken shelter under a shed at the station from the rain and were hit by the explosion.
Increased government criticism 
The flooding "caused the diesel and petrol to flow away from the gas station and a fire from a nearby house led to the explosion," said Billy Anaglate, spokesperson for Ghana's national fire service.
The deaths are likely to intensify criticism of the government's failure to improve the country's infrastructure. Though the downpours this week have been especially bad, heavy rains in June are not unusual - yet drainage systems in Accra remain inadequate.
The area where the blast occurred is a heavily trafficked section of central Accra with several banks and other offices in addition to residences. Multiple bus terminals connect the area to the rest of the city.
Throughout Accra, drivers caught in the flooding abandoned their cars on the road. The Education Ministry instructed all children who weren't already at school on Thursday morning to stay home.
The city is also grappling with an energy crisis resulting in blackouts lasting for as long as 48 hours in recent years, sparking large-scale demonstrations that have drawn everyone from blue-collar workers to local movie stars.
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From improving productivity and upping staff morale, to attracting top talent and retaining employees for longer, the benefits of employee education are endless. The costs involved, however, can be prohibitive.
Dennis Lamberti, Development Director of Media Works, explores how mobile learning can reduce the cost of training substantially, making workforce education far more accessible to businesses in South Africa.
Traditionally, workplace training has taken the form of lecture-style group learning in a classroom environment. In this scenario, a group of employees are led through the training material by a facilitator, and books and other printed materials are given to each learner to refer to and study from.
With this model, the cost of facilitation and course material are your biggest hard costs, and can be incredibly prohibitive depending on the length of training and how many people need to do the course.
However, what is even more costly to your business, is the amount of work hours that are lost during the training. The classroom-style approach means regulated group training and a loss of productivity during office work hours, which can slow down operations at inopportune times.
This is where e-learning comes in; it takes employee education beyond the classroom and onto the mobile device, where learners can tap into their training anytime, anywhere and then apply their learnings to the work environment.
Beyond the classroom
When you think about online learning and mobile education, you might be a bit skeptical about whether this way of learning can take
*the place of teacher-classroom training and truly be effective to your staff. However, the facts prove otherwise.
Online learning has developed in such a way that rich, diverse and multi-faceted media components can be created to deliver the curriculum content in well-structured, logical ways that enhances learning.
It has, in fact, been proven to be far more effective than the traditional approach.
Why digital?
Through digital learning, particularly on a mobile device, you can learn in your own space, anytime and anywhere. Learning can happen when it is convenient to the learner, and the content can be digested at their own pace.
When training is delivered like this, there are no work distractions, which is a common experience by employees, whose work priorities and deadlines often trump the training that is offered.
The information can also be conveyed in bit-sized chunks – a style called single-concept-learning – that allows the learner to snack on nuggets of relevant information, rather than grappling with reams of text and ideas at one time. This approach improves information retention.
Without being in a group, learners also have the opportunity to digest the content – whether it’s course notes, videos or infographics – at their own time, and can repeat modules, in order to improve understanding; something that classroom based learning does not cater for.
As valuable as e-learning is to the individual, it is also hugely beneficial to the employer, as it cuts down the cost of training and saves time, while providing a more worthwhile and effective teaching model.
Mobilising education
Mobile phone penetration is now at 67% of Africa’s population, which means that there are about 1.13 billion people on the continent with mobile phones.
Adding to this, the majority of people in Africa accessing the Internet, are doing so via their mobile phones, so the situation is ripe for mobile education to flourish.
The cost of devices, such as a 10-inch tablet, is under R2000 and data access costs are reducing across Africa, making mobile connectivity even more accessible.  
Through mobile technology, we are presented with an opportunity to ‘leapfrog’ traditional structures by cutting out the learning centres, or office-based training, and delivering training to the learner anywhere at any time.
A well-developed learning programme will be able to run on any device, including mobile devices.
By downloading the course material onto smartphones or tablets, employees can access their notes and assignments at a quiet time during the workday, or even on a train, taxi, flight, or while waiting for an appointment.
If the learner feels more comfortable taking their time with the material and engaging with it at home, there is the scope for this too. The mobile device becomes the facilitator. Once purchased, the device can be used to access any number of learning interventions.
Offline ability
While millions of Africans have access to smartphones and tablets, they are often only connected to the Internet when connected to a WiFi hotspot, as opposed to utilising paid-for data.
To overcome this, mobile learning has offline capabilities, meaning that learners can download the material when they are online to access it when they are offline. This makes the learning material accessible, whether the learner is connected to the Internet or not.   
As tech hubs, which were initiated in Kenya and South Africa, continue to pop up across Africa, even those living in remote geographic areas can make use of access to the internet via these WiFi zones.
Here, people can download the material onto their device, and engage with the information at home, or on the go, even if they are not connected to the internet.
Self marking for success
The biggest cost of any training intervention is the cost of the facilitator/teacher, and one of the crucial roles that a facilitator performs is the marking of assignments and providing feedback.
Self marking is an essential part of online training, and it needs to be done in the right way to reinforce the learning process and to enhance long-term memory by answering questions and working through the outcomes.
The way that this works, is that questions and assignments will be given to the learner as part of their course material. In their own time, they will complete the answers in their worksheets (these can be downloaded and printed).
The learners will mark their worksheet exercises against a model answer sheet. For this to work, the answer sheet needs to be comprehensive; providing the answer, as well as the thought process behind how the answer was derived.
This style of learning puts the control in the learners’ hands. They could cheat and take shortcuts when writing down their answers, but this is of no benefit to them, as they will not be gaining the relevant knowledge and skills necessary to complete the course.
Through this approach, learners are also less restricted in their answers and can express themselves better. By using descriptive answer sheets, the learner can see exactly where they went wrong, which allows for greater reflection and retention of information.
Self marking, when done properly, will prepare learners for an independent summative assessment. The more effort an employee puts into understanding the course material and completing the self-marking exercise, the more they will get out of their studies and the better they will do in their assessments.  
Mobile learning is beneficial to both employee and employer. It is far less of a sacrifice, of time and money than the traditional approach, and it is far more engaging, relevant and effective.
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