Heating, warm water supply with sun collectors
For heating and supplying buildings, swimming pools with warm water can be solved by sun collector systems. In the sun collectors heat transmitter liquid is circulating. After heated, it reaches by plumbing the water containers.
By these cointaing system, beside proper scaling and installation, there is an opportunity to built a heating and warm water supplying system, which, only with a minimal added firing, can be a solution for a long time.
70-80% of the annual warm water need can be produced by sun collectors.
20-60% of the annual heating cost can be saved also by sun collectors.
Usage proposal/Technical details:
Types:
- Flat collectors
In a baking pan-like collector cover there is a pipe-system which filled with antifreeze liquid.
With a special method a selective absorber metal plate is joint to this pipe-system. This copper plate is absorbing the Sun radiation and turns it into heat. The heat energy is used for building or swimming pool heating by the liquid circulating in the pipe-system. For having high efficiency the good isolation, the selective absorber and the type and surface quality of the glass (special solar glass needs to be used) are very important.
Advantage: it can be integrated into the roof, by its flat surface it's fading into the texture of the roof.
Disadvantage: lower efficiency (months of winter!), it only works in over-pressured system, with antifreeze liquid
- Evacuated-tube collector
The evacuated-tube collector's effciency is better with 20-30% than the flat collector's. This difference can be rather realized at winter. Despite of diffused sun radiation it still produces warm water or can be used as added heating energy.
The core of the special heat-pipe system is that in a double-glass wall vacuum pipe, which inner side is provided with absober covering, there's a copper tube. This copper tube is filled with a special, low boiling-point liquid, and it's put under vacuum. At the hedge of the is tube a condenser is fixed. There is a special pipe-system around this condenser, filled with antifreezer liquid. The chilled steam is getting to be condensed, and flows back to the bottom of the copper pipe. This procedure begins again and again.
The other main advantage of the evacuated-tube collector is that its efficiency is high even if the sun radiation is not perpendicular, so it can be used in the morning and in the afternoon, also, with good capacity. Summarized: it has better efficiency at winter!
Disadvantage: it cannot be integrated into the roof, and some may find it not too aesthetic.
There are two options for the fixing:
1. In a over-pressured system, just like fixing a flat collector
2. In an open system, which called Drain-back. There are two disadvantages of this solution:
The collectors are not fixed horizontally, but sloping, in order to let the water go out.
The other thing is that a still babbling voice is coming from the Drain-back container.
Advantages: it has the best efficency, the system can be filled with normal tap water, there is no overpressure valve, non-automatic or automatic gassing system needs to be used.
Fixing opportunities: family/private houses, blocks of flats, industrial buildings, etc.
Places of fixing: roof/flat roof, tent-roof, side wall, garden, yard.
Orentation: faced to the south is ideal with 25-45° inclination angle.
If the roof siting is not faced to the south, installing faced to the east-west can be solved, however, higher investment needs. In this case more collectors and a multiple control system are fixed. The advantage of the solution is the all-day-long warm water supply (from sunrise till set).
There is an important assumption: appropriate roof size!
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