Breakout ^12**1944, France.**A trapped company of Allied troops have stolen a Tiger tank and are attempting to force their way through encircling Axis lines!
A cockatoo is any of the 21
bird
species belonging to the
familyCacatuidae. Along with the
Psittacidae family (the
true parrots), they make up the
order
Psittaciformes. The name cockatoo originated
from the
Malay name for these birds, kakaktua,
which translates literally as older sister (from
kakak, "sister," and tua, "old").
Cockatoos share many features with other parrots
including the characteristic curved beak shape and a
zygodactyl foot, with two forward toes and two backwards
toes. They differ, however in a number of characteristics,
including the often spectacular movable headcrest, the
presence of a gall bladder and some other anatomical
details, and their lack of the Dyck texture feather
composition which causes the bright blues and greens seen in
true parrots. Cockatoo species are also, on average, larger
than the true parrots (however, the cockatiel is a small
cockatoo and the very large parrots include the Hyacinth
Macaw by length and the Kakapo by weight.)
Cockatoos have a much more restricted range than the true
parrots, occurring naturally only in Australia and nearby
islands. Eleven of the 21 species exist in the wild only in
Australia, while seven species occur in Indonesia, New
Guinea, and other south Pacific islands. Three species occur in both New
Guinea and Australia.
All of the species of cockatoo are protected by the
CITES international agreement, which makes the trade of
wild-caught specimens of endangered or vulnerable species
illegal.
The following cockatoo species are classified as
endangered species (on CITES appendix 1 list).
All of the other cockatoo species are classified at
vulnerable (on CITES appendex 2 list).
Systematics
Phylogeny of the family Cacatuidae based on
Brown & Toft (1999)
Brown & Toft (1999) reviewed the existing evidence
and additional mitochondrial 12S rRNA sequence data to arrive at a well-supported phylogeny of
the cockatoos. They could distinguish 3
subfamilies:
The all-black
Palm Cockatoo represents an early divergence; it was
previousöly sometimes grouped with the other black
species but this is incorrect.
The dark cockatoos;
sexually dichromatic species which have ample melanin in
their plumage and some red, yellow or orange on wing,
tail and face, barred feathers on wing, tail and/or body
as well as contrasting ear area spotting in females,
while males have the corresponding feathers unbarred and
may lack the ear spotting. This group includes the
remaining black cockatoos, the Gang-gang Cockatoo and,
interestingly, the cockatiel which had previously been placed in a
subfamily of its own (Nymphicinae) or even as a
broad-tailed parrot.
The remaining species, which are all
hypomelanistic and not sexually dimorphic.
The genera Calyptorhynchus and Cacatua can
be further resolved into two subgenera each, and in the
latter case as a distinct third lineage the white-and-pink
Major Mitchell's Cockatoo, which is intermediate in
coloration between the grey-and-pink Galah and the white
Cacatua. It is best recognized as a monotypic genus Lophocroa. Indeed, pending
further research, all subgenera could conceivably be raised
to species rank.
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