A partnership apart DNA in hand, scientists dissect and redefine the iconic lichen mutualism By Susan Milius , 10:04 AM October 22,
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, 2009 After spending an afternoon with François Lutzoni,
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, it’s hard to understand why more sports teams aren’t named for lichens. Or why lovers bother with roses instead of sending a dozen fruticose lichen thalli. Lichens,
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, Lutzoni explains, form when living organisms mingle intimately and become something more complex,
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, capable and gorgeous than they could ever be alone. A long-time classic in discussions of taxonomically odd couples, lichens may form even more bizarre households than specialists ha... Source URL:

Conifers grew giant genomes thanks to double doses of genetic material.
Ancient ancestors of today’s pine, cypress and yew trees had?extra copies of their entire genome — the set of genetic instructions for an organism, researchers report November 20 in Science Advances,
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Whole genome duplications are common among plants,
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, but a previous examination of Norway spruce DNA?didn’t find evidence of such doubling in conifers. The new study examined the transcriptomes?— the entire set of active genes in an organism — of 24 conifers and other seed plants and three distantly related plants.
In ancestors of cypress (Cupressaceae) and yew (Taxaceae) trees,
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, genome duplication occurred about 210 to 275 million years ago, Michael Barker?of the University of Arizona in Tucson and colleagues calculate. Such DNA multiplication occurred in trees in the pine family (Pinaceae) about 200 to 342 million years ago. The extra DNA may have helped conifers survive the Permian-Triassic extinction?about 252 million years ago,
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, the researchers speculate.

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