charge due to some missing electrons?—?in electric fields to form a ring,
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, sort of like a bagel. Because these ions, being identically charged, repulse each other,
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, they’d assume positions at equal distances around the ring,
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, just like the regularly spaced atoms of an ordinary crystal. A nearby magnetic field would induce the ring to rotate. One of the ions in the ring could be flagged in a detectable way (think of a raisin embedded in the bagel) allowing scientists to detect the repeating periodic motion, demonstrating time crystal status. Since it’s in its “ground state,” meaning it requires no input of energy to sustain itself, the rotating atom-bagel would constitute a clock that ticked forever.

Don’t worry, it’s not a perpetual motion machine. The ground state is the condition of lowest possible energy. You can’t get any energy out of this rotating bagel and it can do no work,
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, so the laws of thermodynamics remain unbroken.

It’s a cool idea?—?literally,
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, as the spacetime crystal relies on quantum processes that work at temperatures of nanokelvins. (That’s like a billionth of the temperature found in the depths of outer space.)

“In order to experimentally realize such a space-time crystal with trapped ions, we need to confine ions tightly to have a small diameter, and cool the ions to a very low temperature,
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,” Tongcang Li and colleagues write in their paper.

Ion traps?—,
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?devices using an electrical field to confine the ions in a small space — are already widely used for a variety of experimental purposes,
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. And achieving the necessary

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