like those in rhesus macaques,
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Research in monkeys over the last 15 years has identified what Nieder calls “number neurons.” They could have multiple functions,
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, but each responds to a specific number of whatevers, be it six crows or six crowbars. Some number neurons respond to sight, some to sound,
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Story continues after graphic

Brain basics


Bird brains lack a fancy six-layered outer cortex. But carrion crows (right) have a brain area (nidopallium caudolater?ale) rich in nerve cells that respond to quantity. In the macaque (left),
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, number neurons are in a different area,
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The neurons could be responding to increasing total surface area or density or darkness. But researchers have varied one aspect at a time, and used multiple imaging and pharmacological techniques,
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, to argue that as far as strenuous efforts can tell,
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Individual neurons in parts of a monkey brain have their own preferred number and respond most strongly to it and less so to neighboring numbers. The neurons for three get less excited for two and four,
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, while others light up at four. In

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