Chemical modifications to DNA determine what carpenter ants do for a living.
Florida carpenter ant (Camponotus floridanus) workers have two main career paths. Around one-third of workers are big,
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, brawny soldiers called majors. Most other workers are smaller food-seekers called minors. Majors and minors are closely related, but majors forage far less. This behavioral difference is the result of epigenetics,
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, chemical adjustments that affect how DNA is read and expressed, researchers report in the Jan. 1 Science,
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.
When newly hatched majors were injected with molecules that increased the number of small chemical groups attached to their DNA’s protein scaffolding, they behaved like minors. Modified majors scouted and foraged for food for up to 50 days after treatment. Increased DNA decorations also made minors forage harder, the team reports. These results could help explain how social insects like ants and bees govern their complex colonies, the researchers say.?
Be wary,
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, wine lovers: Climate change can muck with your merlots. By tracking the timing of French and Swiss grape harvests from 1600 through 2007, scientists have discovered that the link between high temperatures and drought conditions — a crucial combination for fine wine production — has broken down since 1980.
Warm conditions hasten grape maturation,
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, requiring early harvests. In the past,
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, warm springs and summers often coincided with scarce rainfall that produced good harvesting conditions. Climate change, however,
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, produces higher temperatures in France and Switzerland independent of low rainfall. Harvest-delaying rainstorms increasingly prevent winemakers from collecting their warmth-matured crop at the optimum time,
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, worsening wine quality, the scientists report March 21 in Nature Climate Change.?
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