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In a real-world scenario, randomly making phenotype switches could help bacteria hold out against antibiotics long enough to develop antibiotic-resistant mutations, the team concludes. Bacteria with optimal behavioral responses to environmental changes, such as the introduction of antibiotics,
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, potentially could evolve antibiotic-resistant mutations relatively quickly — over a time period spanning 10 to 100 generations,
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The finding points to potential new ways to fight antibiotic resistance. Preventing bacteria from readily adapting to a new environment by forcibly changing their behavior could, in combination with antibiotics, be a way to treat bacterial illnesses,
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Other researchers wonder how the experiment would hold up in natural settings. “It might not be as simple in nature,” says Glen D’Souza, an evolutionary microbiologist at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology in Jena, Germany.
Environmental conditions are always changing in nature, not fixed, he says. Although the result is a nice prediction to work with, more experimental validation is needed.
The researchers agree,
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, and think it’s important to uncover different ways that bacteria evolve antibiotic resistance. Microbes resistant to medications already jeopardize treatment and prevention of certain infections, says study coauthor Andrew Tadrowski, also a physicist at the University

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