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Ornithology (from the
Greek ornis = bird and
logos = word/science) is the branch of
zoology concerned with the scientific study of
birds. Several aspects of the study of ornithology
differ from closely related disciplines, perhaps because of
the high visibility and the aesthetic appeal of birds. Most
marked among these is the extent of field studies undertaken
by amateur volunteers working within the parameters of
strict scientific methodology.
The areas of study that are included under ornithology
are numerous and no list can attempt to be exhaustive. The
following is a broad classification of some of the fields
within contemporary ornithology.
Field Ornithology
Ecological studies
Studies of individuals
Studies of populations
Studies of communities
Behavioral studies
Laboratory Ornithology
Physiological studies
Genetic studies
The techniques used in ornithology are varied and
changing. Early ornithological studies were based on
specimen shooting and skins. Ornithology has subsequently
become largely observation based. Optical instruments have
been very important in ornithology; however approaches such
as the use of
radar and radio tracking are also used. Use of ringing
and other marking techniques have helped in studies of
migration and behavior.
Birds have served as important model organisms in the
evolution of modern biological ideas. Key ideas include that
of speciation, as noted by
Charles Darwin from his observation of the
finches on the Galapagos Islands. The first attempt to
formally define the concept of biological species was also
developed using birds as model organisms by
Ernst Mayr. Birds have also been the subject of numerous
evolutionary studies that have helped in understanding the
plasticity of species and the limitations of attempts to
define species.
Many advances in ecology have also been made based on the
study of birds. These include theories of island
biogeography, models of extinction and species-area
relationships.
Birds have also served as models for behavioural studies
including studies of mate selection, territoriality,
foraging behaviour and parental investment. Other aspects of
special interest include their ability to navigate in
migrations.
History of ornithology
National associations and
societies
Africa
South Africa
Asia
India
Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS): Located at Mumbai
(formerly Bombay), the oldest non-government
Organization in the area of natural history in the
Indian subcontinent.
Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History
(SACON) Located near Coimbatore.
Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta. The government
department meant to document and study the fauna of
India.
Society for Observation and Study of Birds of
Slovenia (Društvo za opazovanje in proučevanje ptic
Slovenije) (DOPPS)
United Kingdom
British Ornithologists' Club
British Ornithologists' Union
British Trust for Ornithology (BTO)
The British Birds Rarities Committee
The Rare Birds Breeding Panel (RBBP)
Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB)
Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust (WWT)
Journal of Avian Biology, Nordic Society Oikos
[23]
The Journal of Field Ornithology, Association of
Field Ornithologists (USA) - Complete volumes 51-70
(1980-1999) and predecessor publication Bird-Banding as
free
DjVu and PDF files at SORA
[24]
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