Cats

Heart Valve Dysplasia

Heart valve dysplasia is a congenital heart defect which in dogs and cats affects the aortic, pulmonary, mitral, and tricuspid heart valves. Pulmonary valve stenosis and aortic valve stenosis are discussed separately. Dysplasia of the mitral and tricuspid valves can cause leakage of blood or stenosis.

Dysplasia of the mitral and tricuspid valves - also known as the atrioventricular (AV) valves - can appear as thickened, shortened, or notched valves. The chordae tendinae can be fused or thickened. The papillary muscles can be enlarged or atrophied. The cause is unknown, but genetics play a big role. Dogs and cats with tricuspid valve dysplasia often also have an open foramen ovale, an atrial septal defect, or inflammation of the right atrial epicardium. In dogs, tricuspid valve dysplasia can be similar to Ebstein's anomaly in humans.

Mitral valve stenosis is one of the most common congenital heart defects in cats.

The disease and symptoms are similar to progression of valve disease in older dogs. Valve leakage leads to heart enlargement, arrhythmias, and congestive heart failure. Heart valve dysplasia can be tolerated for years or progress to heart failure in the first year of life. Diagnosis is with an echocardiogram. There is a poor prognosis with significant heart enlargement.

References

• Abbott, Jonathan A. (2000). Small Animal Cardiology Secrets (1st ed.). Hanley & Belfus, Inc. ISBN 1-56053-352-8
• Ettinger, Stephen J.;Feldman, Edward C.(1995).Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine(4th ed.). W.B. Saunders Company. ISBN 0-7216-6795-3

Home | Up | Cat Anatomy | Abdominal Muscles | Bordetella | Cerebellar Hypoplasia | Cheyletiellosis | Corneal Ulcer | Coronavirus | Diabetes | Ear Mite | Feline Panleukopenia | Feline Immunodeficiency Virus | Feline Infectious Peritonitis | Feline Leukemia Virus | Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease | Fibrosarcoma | Flea | Great Muscles of the Head | Hairball | Heart Valve Dysplasia | Heartworm | Hip Dysplasia | Hyperthyroidism | Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca | Luxating Patella | Lymphoma in Animals | Mastocytoma | Onychectomy | Parvovirus | Polyneuropathy | Protothecosis | Rabies | Raw Feeding | Spaying and Neutering | Tick | Trapezius Muscles

Cats, made by MultiMedia | Free content and software

This guide is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia.