Index

A

ABS function, 112

abstraction layer, 5

accessors, 375

ACID properties, 268

adding rows

see INSERT statement.

AFTER triggers, 364, 365

DB2, 383

Oracle, 375, 376, 377

SQL Server, 367, 368

aggregate functions, 83

AVG, 88

COUNT, 84

MAX, 89

MIN, 89

modifying data with views, 198

SUM, 87

using with GROUP BY clause, 90

AGGREGATE keyword, 143

aliases

AS keyword, 35

creating procedures, 205

omitting AS keyword, 36

column aliases, 35

equi-joins, 177

SELECT statement, 35

table aliases, 35, 419

using with GROUP BY/ORDER BY clauses, 96

using with subqueries, 150

ALL keyword

Access, 84

SQL Server, 92

using with AVG function, 88

using with COUNT function, 84

using with SUM function, 87

ALL operator

subqueries, 156

UNION ALL, 162

ALTER PROCEDURE command

stored procedures, 216

ALTER SESSION command, 293

ALTER TABLE command, 340

constraints, 341

copying tables, 340

DB2, 321

enabling/disabling triggers

Oracle, 382

SQL Server, 375

Oracle, 317

role-based security

Permissions table, 466

PermissionsCategories table, 464

RolePermission table, 470

Roles table, 463

UserRoles table, 467

Users table, 461

ALTER TRIGGER command

Oracle, 382

SQL Server, 370, 372, 374

ALTER USER command, 315

ALTER VIEW command, 199

amending rows

see UPDATE statement.

analytic functions, 103

AND keyword

bitwise operators, 109

WHERE clause, 54

ANY operator, 157

API (Application Programming Interface), 5

Apress web site, 27

arguments

see parameters.

arithmetic operators, 108

AS keyword

see aliases.

ASC keyword

ORDER BY clause, 46

assignment operator, 219

ATOMIC keyword, 141

DB2, 218

atomicity of transactions, 268

attributes

columns, 8

relational databases, 7

auditing applications

triggers, 365, 366

authentication, 301

DB2, 321, 505

MySQL, 324, 507

Oracle, 315, 501

role-based security, 459

SQL Server, 309, 500

user accounts, 302

Windows authentication, 309, 500

authorization, 301

see also object-level permissions; permissions; role-based security; statement-level permissions.

Access, 307

DB2, 321

GRANT command, 304

MySQL, 324

Oracle, 316

REVOKE command, 304

roles, 303

SQL Server, 311

user accounts, 302

views, 303

auto-numbering

see autonumbering.

autocommit mode

BEGIN command, 272

changing mode, 273

combining multiple SQL statements, 272

RDBMSs defaulting to, 273

transactions, 271

SQL Server, 275

autoincrement data type, 537

AUTOINCREMENT keyword, 354

AUTO_INCREMENT fields, 353

ProductCatalog database, 396, 397, 398, 400

automatic-transactions mode, 272

implicit transactions, 265

ProductCatalog database, 403

RDBMSs defaulting to, 273

autonumbering, 349

Access, 354, 537

AUTO_INCREMENT fields, 353

data types, 531

DB2, 352

IDENTITY keyword, 350, 354

MySQL, 353

Oracle, 351

Oracle triggers, 380

ProductCatalog database, 395, 396, 397, 399, 401, 402

resetting auto-increment ID, 403

sequences, 11, 348

SQL Server, 350, 533

unique identifier data types, 531

AVG function, 88

NULL, treatment of, 88

ProductCatalog database, 430

rounding, 96

using with ALL keyword, 88

using with DISTINCT keyword, 88