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Osphronemidae
Fish Guide
Osphronemidae
Gouramies
Dwarf gourami (Colisa lalia )
Scientific classification
Subfamilies
Belontiinae
Macropodinae
Osphroneminae
Trichogastrinae
See text for genera and species.
The gouramis or gouramies are a
family, Osphronemidae , of
freshwater
perciform
fishes . The fish are native to
Asia, from Pakistan and India to the Malay Archipelago and
north-easterly towards Korea.
Many gouramies have an elongated ray at the front of
their pelvic fins. Many species show parental care: some are
mouthbrooders, and others, like the Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens ), build
bubble nests . Currently, about 90 species are recognised,
placed in 4 subfamilies and about 13 genera.
The name Polyacanthidae has also been used for
this family. Some fish now classified as gouramies were
previously placed in family
Anabantidae. The subfamily Belontiinae was
recently demoted from the family Belontiidae . As
labyrinth fishes, gouramis have a lung-like labyrinth organ
that allows them to gulp air and use
atmospheric oxygen. This organ is a vital innovation for
fishes that often inhabit warm, shallow, oxygen-poor water.
Species
There are about 96 species in 15 genera.
Subfamily
Belontiinae (combtail gouramis)
Genus
Belontia
Malay combtail, Belontia hasselti (Cuvier,
1831).
Ceylonese combtail, Belontia signata (Günther,
1861).
Subfamily
Macropodinae (paradise fish)
Genus
Betta
Akar betta, Betta akarensis Regan, 1910.
Betta albimarginata Kottelat & Ng, 1994.
Giant betta, Betta anabatoides Bleeker, 1851.
Betta antoni Tan & Ng, 2006.
Betta balunga Herre, 1940.
Slim betta, Betta bellica Sauvage, 1884.
Betta breviobesus Tan & Kottelat, 1998.
Betta brownorum Witte & Schmidt, 1992.
Betta burdigala Kottelat & Ng, 1994.
Betta channoides Kottelat & Ng, 1994.
Betta chini Ng, 1993.
Betta chloropharynx Kottelat & Ng, 1994.
Betta coccina Vierke, 1979.
Betta compuncta Tan & Ng, 2006.
Betta dimidiata Roberts, 1989.
Betta edithae Vierke, 1984.
Betta enisae Kottelat, 1995.
Betta falx Tan & Kottelat, 1998.
Betta foerschi Vierke, 1979.
Dusky betta, Betta fusca Regan, 1910.
Betta hipposideros Ng & Kottelat, 1994.
Betta ibanorum Tan & Ng, 2004.
Betta ideii Tan & Ng, 2006.
Crescent betta, Betta imbellis Ladiges, 1975.
Betta krataios Tan & Ng, 2006.
Betta livida Ng & Kottelat, 1992.
Spotfin betta, Betta macrostoma Regan, 1910.
Betta mandor Tan & Ng, 2006.
Betta miniopinna Tan & Tan, 1994.
Betta patoti Weber & de Beaufort, 1922.
Betta persephone Schaller, 1986.
Betta pi Tan, 1998.
Spotted betta, Betta picta (Valenciennes, 1846).
Betta pinguis Tan & Kottelat, 1998.
Betta prima Kottelat, 1994.
Forest betta, Betta pugnax (Cantor, 1849).
Betta pulchra Tan & Tan, 1996.
Betta renata Tan, 1998.
Toba betta, Betta rubra Perugia, 1893.
Betta rutilans Witte & Kottelat, 1991.
Betta schalleri Kottelat & Ng, 1994.
Betta simplex Kottelat, 1994.
Blue betta, Betta smaragdina Ladiges, 1972.
Betta spilotogena Ng & Kottelat, 1994.
Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens Regan,
1910.
Betta strohi Schaller & Kottelat, 1989.
Borneo betta, Betta taeniata Regan, 1910.
Betta tomi Ng & Kottelat, 1994.
Betta tussyae Schaller, 1985.
Betta uberis Tan & Ng, 2006.
Howong betta, Betta unimaculata (Popta, 1905).
Betta waseri Krummenacher, 1986.
Genus
Macropodus
Macropodus erythropterus Freyhof & Herder,
2002.
Macropodus hongkongensis Freyhof & Herder, 2002.
Roundtail paradisefish, Macropodus ocellatus (de
Beaufort, 1933).
Paradise fish, Macropodus opercularis (Linnaeus,
1758).
Macropodus spechti Schreitmüller, 1936.
Genus
Malpulutta
Spotted gourami, Malpulutta kretseri Deraniyagala,
1937 .
Genus
Parosphromenus
Parosphromenus allani Brown, 1987.
Parosphromenus anjunganensis Kottelat, 1991.
Parosphromenus bintan Kottelat & Ng, 1998.
Licorice gourami, Parosphromenus deissneri (Bleeker,
1859).
Spiketail gourami, Parosphromenus filamentosus (Oshima,
1919).
Parosphromenus linkei Kottelat, 1991.
Parosphromenus nagyi Schaller, 1985.
Parosphromenus ornaticauda Kottelat, 1991.
Parosphromenus paludicola Tweedie, 1952.
Parosphromenus parvulus Vierke, 1979.
Genus
Pseudosphromenus
Spiketail paradisefish, Pseudosphromenus
cupanus (Cuvier, 1831).
Pseudosphromenus dayi (Engmann, 1909).
Genus
Trichopsis
Pygmy gourami, Trichopsis pumila (Arnold,
1936).
Threestripe gourami, Trichopsis schalleri (Kottelat
& Ng, 1994).
Croaking gourami, Trichopsis vittata (Cuvier,
1831).
Subfamily
Trichogastrinae
Genus
Colisa
Dwarf gourami, Colisa lalia (Hamilton, 1822) .
Genus
Ctenops
Frail gourami, Ctenops nobilis McClelland, 1845 .
Genus
Luciocephalus
Pikehead, Luciocephalus pulcher (Gray,
1830) .
Genus
Parasphaerichthys
Parasphaerichthys lineatus Britz & Kottelat,
2002.
Eyespot gourami, Parasphaerichthys ocellatus (de
Beaufort, 1933).
Genus
Polyacanthus
Banded gourami, Polyacanthus fasciatus (Regan,
1910) .
Genus
Sphaerichthys
Sphaerichthys acrostoma Vierke, 1979.
Chocolate gourami, Sphaerichthys osphromenoides
Canestrini, 1860.
Sphaerichthys selatanensis Vierke, 1979.
Sphaerichthys vaillanti Pellegrin, 1930.
Genus
Trichogaster
Honey gourami, Trichogaster chuna (Hamilton,
1822).
Thick lipped gourami, Trichogaster labiosus Day,
1877.
Pearl gourami, Trichogaster leerii (Bleeker,
1852).
Moonlight gourami, Trichogaster microlepis (Günther,
1861).
Snakeskin gourami, Trichogaster pectoralis
(Regan, 1910).
Three spot gourami (aka blue gourami, opaline
gourami, and gold gourami), Trichogaster
trichopterus (Pallas, 1770).
Subfamily
Osphroneminae (giant gouramis)
Genus
Osphronemus
Elephant ear gourami, Osphronemus exodon
Roberts, 1994.
Giant gourami, Osphronemus goramy Lacépčde,
1801.
Giant red tail gourami, Osphronemus laticlavius
Roberts, 1992.
Osphronemus septemfasciatus Roberts, 1992.
References
"Osphronemidae" .
FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly.
October 2004 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2004.
Osphronemidae (TSN 172678) .
Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Accessed on 2
November 2004.
Goldstein, Howard
(September 2005). "Searching for the Pygmy Gourami".
Tropical Fish Hobbiest 54 (1): 93.
0041-3259.
Tan, HH and P Ng
(2006). "Six new species of fighting fish (Telestei:
Osphronemidae: Betta) from Borneo.". Ichthyological
Exploration of Freshwaters 17 (2): 97-114.
Gallery
Siamese fighting fish (Betta
splendens )
Female and male
dwarf gouramis (Colisa lalia) showing sexual
dimorphism
Paradise fish (Macropodus opercularis )
Giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy )
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