Bonefishes |
![Bonefish, Albula vulpes](./modules/Fish-MM/images/200px-Bonefish.png)
Bonefish,
Albula vulpes
![Japanese gissu, Pterothrissus gissu](./modules/Fish-MM/images/200px-Pterothrissus_gissu.jpg)
Japanese gissu, Pterothrissus gissu
|
Scientific classification |
|
Genera |
Albula
Pterothrissa
See text for species. |
The bonefishes are a
family (Albulidae) of
ray-finned fish that are popular as game fish in
Florida, the Bahamas where two bonefish are on their 10 cent coin,
and elsewhere. The family is small, with eight species in
two genera.[1]
Presently the bonefishes are in their own order:
Albuliformes. The
spiny eels (Notacanthidae) and halosaurs (Halosauridae) were
previously classified in this order[2], but are now,
according to FishBase given their own order,
Notacanthiformes.[3]
Description
Albula
The bonefishes' closest relatives are the tarpons and
ladyfishes in the order Elopiformes. Bonefishes are unlike
tarpons in that their mouth is under the snout rather than
the end of it, and bonefishes lack the tarpons' protruding
snout. Like tarpons and ladyfishes, bonefishes can breathe
air via a modified swim-bladder and are found in brackish
waters. Bonefish larvae are leptocephalic.
The body of the bonefish is silver and slender with a
bluish or greenish back. On the upper half there are dark
streaks with cross bands connecting to the lateral line. The
body is also rounded and has a long downward aiming snout.
The dorsal and caudal fins are black. Bonefish vary in adult
length from 40–100 cm depending on species. The average size
of a bonefish is from 3 to 5 pounds (1–2 kg) with the
Florida record being 15 pounds 6 ounces (7.0 kg).
The bonefishes are brackish or saltwater fish typically
living in estuaries and travelling out to sea to spawn on a
lunar cycle. They feed in the shallow sand and mud flats, on
animals that live on the bottom like worms, mollusks,
shrimps, and crabs. They use their conical shaped snouts to root out
their prey and can often be seen with their tail out of the
water. Bonefishes possess crushing teeth in the palate.
Pterothrissus
This genus is like Albula except they are found in
deeper waters.
Species
FishBase lists eight species in two genera:[1]
- Genus
Albula
- Albula argentea (Schneider, 1801).
Longjaw bonefish, Albula forsteri Valenciennes,
1847.
Roundjaw bonefish, Albula glossodonta (Forsskĺl,
1775).
Threadfin bonefish, Albula nemoptera (Fowler, 1911).
Sharpjaw bonefish, Albula neoguinaica Valenciennes,
1847.
Bonefish, Albula vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758).
- Genus
Pterothrissus
- Longfin bonefish, Pterothrissus belloci Cadenat,
1937.
Japanese gissu, Pterothrissus gissu Hilgendorf,
1877.
References
- ^
a b
"Albulidae".
FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. 05
2006 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2006.
- ^
Mikko's Phylogeny Archive for Albuliformes.
-
^
"Notacanthiformes".
FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. 05
2006 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2006.
External links