Bowfin |
|
Scientific classification |
Kingdom: |
Animalia
|
Phylum: |
Chordata
|
Class: |
Actinopterygii
|
Order: |
Amiiformes
Hay, 1929 |
Family: |
Amiidae
Bonaparte, 1838 |
Genus: |
Amia
|
Species: |
A. calva
|
|
Binomial name |
Amia calva
Linnaeus, 1766 |
The bowfins are an order (Amiiformes) of
primitive
ray-finned fish. Only one species, the bowfin Amia
calva, family Amiidae, exists today, although
additional species in six families are known from Jurassic,
Cretaceous, and Eocene fossils. These included the huge
Leedsicthys, the biggest fish that ever existed. The bowfin
and the gar are two of the freshwater fishes still extant that existed,
almost unchanged from their current form, while the great
dinosaurs roamed the earth.
The most distinctive characteristic of the bowfin is its
very long
dorsal fin consisting of 45 to 50 rays, and running from
mid-back to the base of the tail. The caudal fin is a single lobe. They can grow up to 1 meter
in length, and weigh 7 kg. Not a very good food fish
compared to many other freshwater species, they are often
considered "trash" fish by sportsmen who catch them, and are
scorned for their voracious appetite in eating both gamefish
and panfish of more desirable species. However, they battle
powerfully when hooked, offering a tremendous fight to the
angler. Bowfin, when caught, should be handled carefully.
They are very pugnacious, and consider themselves a match
for anything - including a human being. Once in the boat,
they will make every attempt they can at biting the
fisherman - and they have a mouthful of very sharp teeth.
Bowfins are found throughout eastern
North America, typically in slow-moving backwaters. When the
oxygen level is low (as often happens in still waters), the
bowfin can rise to the surface and gulp air into its swim
bladder, which is lined with blood vessels and can serve as
a sort of lung.
The list of local and alternate names the bowfin is known
by is lengthy, but common ones include "dogfish", "grindle"
and "lawyer".
They are nocturnal feeders, eating a variety of
invertebrates (insects, crayfish) and vertebrates (frogs,
fishes of all types).
Males are said to turn "bluish" when breeding
[1]. The male bowfin exhibits extensive parental care.
He clears an area in the mud for the female to lay eggs in,
and then he fertilizes them. He hovers nearby and
aggressively protects the eggs and the fry after they
emerge.[1]
References
- ^
Berra, Tim M. (2001). Freshwater Fish Distribution.
San Diego: Academic Press.
ISBN 0120931567
External links